Preeti Arora Python Class 11 Chapter 1 Notes
CHAPTER 1
Computer systern Organization.
A computer is defined as an electronic device that takes input from the lice its in the form of data and statistics, process the data and produces result (output) as information.
Commit To Memory (CTM): A computer is an electronic device that accepts a get of instructions in the form of a program, executes it and dis plays the output to the us.
Working of computer
Data :- Data is defined as your facts are figures. This data does. any meaning when presented such. However, this data can be organised processed to transform it into useful information.
Information:- It is defined a collection of data which & organized in a particular manner to generate meaningful proccessed data.
computer takes input in the form Data And generates output in the form Information.
The process of converting data information into meaningful is called Information Processing cycle.
Basic Components of A Computer System
Computer is a combination of software And hardware.
1.Hardware is the physical components of a computer like memory device, keyboard etc. Software is a set of programs or instructions.
Every Work given to a computer follows:-
Input → Proccess → Output Cycle (IRC cycle)
It accept certain input, processes that input and produces the desired output.
A computer receives data and instructions through Input Devices which get processed by the CPU. 'Output Devices' and the result is shown through The Main/Primary Memory' and Secondary / Auxiliary Memory" need to store data inside the computer.
Input Unit :An input Unit accepts input and convert it in binary form so that it can be understood by the computer
The Term 'Binary' means two state - ON/OFF And High / Low voltage and in two to bits or symbols It Gets ON and OFF.
An input unit fetches the input and save it in Binary form which is directly understood By the Computer.
Some input devices :
1. Keyboard : It directly enters the data in the form of letter,digits and commands into the Computer.
2. Mouse : It is a pointing device with a swollen at the base
3. Light Pen : It is a painting device that can be weed to select anything on the computers screen by simply pointing at the screen. It is use for drawing figures directly.
4.Optical Maulk Reader (omp.): An omp is capable of recognizing a pre specified type of mark made with a dark pencial or inks. This technology is called Optical Mark Recognition.
5. Smart Card Reader: A Smart card is embedded with a mini processes that can hold a certain amount of personal data in its memory. The special reader machine that is used to read the micro processor is known as Smart card reader.
6. Bar Code Reader : A bar code is a collection of a sequence of lines of different heights and width] that are pointed on various types of products. The machine that reads these bars codes is called a bar code reader.
7. QR Code Reader: QR Code is an abbreviation for Quick Response Codes. It is a special kind of barcode that anybody can scan with a smartphone App directs the user to website.
8. Biometric Sensor: It is an input device that is used to uniquely identify a faction on the basis of tut physical or behavioural traits. It can scan human characteristics, such as eyes, fingerprints, used for moving a computer monitor.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The cpu is the control centre / brain of a computer. It guides directs, controls and govern all the proccessing that takes place inside the computer.
CPU consiste of three components
(1.) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) = All calculations and Comparisions are made in this Units.
It performs the arithmetic (+. . * 1) and logical (AND, OR, NOT XOR] operations sent from the memory specific operations and the is returned to the memory.
(2.) Central Unit (CU) = It controls the flow of data from input devices to memory memory to cut fut devices and from
It Control and guides the interpretation, flow and manipulation of all data and information.
Memory Unit (mu) : It is used as storage unit for program of well as data. It is the computer memory that is the CPU. access to directly by the CPU.
The memory can be both primary and secondary depending upon the system location in the computer.
Classification of Programming languages
A user Cannot write instructions in the form of Is and Os. Thus, bifurcation on the basis of computer programming languages has been. made to simplify the process of coding. Two major categories of computer.
Programming languages are high level languages And low-level languages.
Low-level languages are machine dependent language and include machine language and Assembly language. It uses in Os to write instructions.
High-level languages are machines independent and simpler to write a code like Python etc.
Language Translator : A Translators is needed do convert a program Written in assembly high level language to machine language. The program code language is written in assembly as high level called source code. The source code converted by a translator into machine understandable form called object code.
Program Development Tools: Whenever we decide to Write program, we need a text editor. An editor is a software that allows be to create a text file where we type instructions and store the file as the source code. Then an Appropriate translator is used to get the object code for execution called Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Er Python IDLE, Net Beans, Eclipse, Atom and Lazarus.
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